Therefore, we need to investigate CaTC more thoroughly to understand contraction and relaxation functions, and the relationship between contraction and relaxation. Therefore, the entire ascending phase is not the simple contraction process, and the entire descending phase is not the simple relaxation process. However, the cardiac cycle does not suddenly alternate its contraction phase with its relaxation phase at one particular point for example, the peak i and the contraction and relaxation phases have temporally overlapping phases. To maximize the amount of useful information extracted from the i-time curve (CaTC), CaTC is generally divided into two sequential phases with a boundary at the peak i i.e., the ascending phase and the descending phase, which are regarded as the contraction and relaxation phases, respectively. Non-linear regression analyses with the least-squares method are valuable tools for elucidating the mechanism, summarizing information, eliminating noise, allowing speculation regarding unmeasured data, and separating the effects of multiple factors. 1 The waveforms of the i transient provide valuable information for evaluating the change in i. It is well-established that mammalian cardiac contraction and relaxation are regulated by increases and decreases in cardiomyocyte cytoplasmic free calcium (Ca 2+) concentration ( i) in myocardial Ca 2+ handling and excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling.
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